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Ciertos pasajes de la Biblia (por ejemplo, partes de Isaías) fueron incluidos en el Libro de Mormón. Sin embargo, estos mismos pasajes fueron revisados para realizar la Traducción de José Smith de la Biblia. En algunos casos, estos pasajes no fueron escritos de forma idéntica. Los críticos afirman que si TJS (Traducción de la Biblia de José Smith) es una traducción precisa, entonces correspondería al texto más "puro" que tenían los nefitas.
Desde hace mucho tiempo que los críticos han adoptado la posición cínica de que José Smith simplemente copió la Biblia del Rey Santiago en ciertos pasajes, como por ejemplo los de Isaías. Incluso miembros de la Iglesia has presumido que esta similitud entre estos textos demuestra que José Smith simplemente abrió la Biblia y copio capítulos que él reconoció provenían de la Biblia a medida que traducía material de las planchas de oro.
Existen varios problemas con esta idea.
1) Los testigos del proceso de la traducción indican unánimemente que José Smith tenia libros, manuscritos, o notas a las que referirse cuando traducía. En una entrevista Emma recuerda:
Martín Harris también menciono que José traducía con su cara metida en su sombrero para poder ver las piedras visoras/urim y tummim. Esta situación hace imposible el hecho de que él se refiriera a la Biblia o notas:
2) Es incierto si acaso José Smith tenía una Biblia "propia" durante el proceso de traducción del Libro de Mormón. Más tarde, él junto a Oliver Cowdery compraron una Biblia, lo que sugiere (sin olvidar la difícil situación económica de José Smith) que él no tenía una Biblia propia desde antes.[3]
3) Tampoco es claro si José Smith tenía un vasto conocimiento de la Biblia al momento de la traducción del Libro de Mormón. Parece bastante improbable que él hubiera reconocido pasajes de Isaías por ejemplo, si se hubiera encontrado con ellos en las planchas. Emma Smith comenta:
Emma también comento que
Y si José nada más invento la historia del Libro de Mormón, el escogió algunos de los pasajes mas oscuros y difíciles de la Biblia.
4) Si José Smith estaba falsificando el Libro de Mormón, ¿por qué incluyó pasajes de la Biblia? Evidentemente José era capaz de producir un libro vasto y complejo que no tuviera referencias a la Biblia. Si José Smith estaba tratando de montar una estafa ¿por qué entonces incluyó citas casi copiadas del libro (la Biblia del Rey Santiago) con la cual su audiencia estaba familiarizada?
Incluso traductores profesionales a veces copian una traducción previa si esta sirve el propósito de su traducción. Por ejemplo, el descubrimiento de los Rollos del Mar Muerto (DSS en Ingles) proveyó muchos textos desconocidos a los textos Bíblicos. Sin embargo, en algunas traducciones de los DSS, aproximadamente el 90% son simplemente copias de la Biblia del Rey Santiago.
!Por supuesto que no se supone que debamos creer que los traductores de los Rollos del Mar Muerto se volvieron a los modismos de la Biblia del Rey Santiago que de pronto resulto en un texto casi identico! De hecho, ellos si compiaron, sin ninguna verguenza la KJV, exepto en aquellas partes en que los Rollos eran substancianlemente diferentes de "mnauscritos Hebreos ya conocidos."[6] - need ref!!
Why was this done? Because, the purpose of the DSS translation is to highlight the differences between the newly discovered manuscripts and those to which scholars already had access. Thus, in areas where the DSS manuscripts agree with the Biblical texts that were already known, the KJV translation is used to indicate this.
This is not to argue that there may not be a better way to render the text than the KJV—but, it would be counterproductive for the DSS committee spent a lot of time improving on the KJV translation. A reader without access to the original manuscripts could then never be sure if a difference between the DSS translation and the KJV translation represented a true difference in the DSS, or simply the choice of the DSS translators to improve the KJV.
The situation with the Book of Mormon is likely analagous. For example, most of the text to which the Nephites had access would not have differed significantly from the Hebrew texts used in Bible translations. The differences in wording between the KJV and the Book of Mormon highlight the areas in which there were theologically significant differences between the Nephite versions and the Masoretic text, from which the Bible was translated. Other areas can be assumed to be essentially the same. If one wants an improved or clearer translation of a passage that is identical in the Book of Mormon and the KJV, one has only to go to the original manuscripts available to all scholars. Basing the text on the KJV focuses the reader on the important clarifications, as opposed to doing a new translation from scratch, and distracting the reader with many differences that might be due simply to translator preference.
The Joseph Smith Translation of the Bible is not, as some members have presumed, simply a restoration of lost Biblical text or an improvement on the translation of known text. Rather, the JST also involves harmonization of doctrinal concepts, commentary and elaboration on the Biblical text, and explanations to clarify points of importance to the modern reader. (See main article on the nature of the JST for a more detailed discussion.)
Thus, the Book of Mormon is likely a relatively "tight" translation of the Nephite records, with the focus on the important differences between the Nephite textual tradition and the Masoretic text.
By contrast, the JST comes from a more prophetically mature and sophisticated Joseph Smith, and provides doctrinal expansion based upon additional revelation, experience, and understanding.
It is important to remember that Joseph did not consider one 'translation' of anything to be perfect or 'the final word.' Joseph had indicated that Moroni quoted Malachi to him using different wording than the KJV (See Joseph Smith History 1:36–39). However, when Joseph quoted the same passage years later in a discussion about vicarious baptism for the dead, he said:
Thus, to Joseph, the adequacy of a translation depended upon the uses to which a given text will be employed. For one discussion, the KJV was adequate; for others, not. A key element of LDS theology is that living prophets are the primary instrument through which God continues to give knowledge and understanding to his children. Scriptures are neither inerrant, nor somehow "perfect," but are instead produced by fallible mortals. Despite this, because of current prophets and the revelation granted each individual, the writings of past prophets are sufficient to teach the principles essential for salvation. Additional revelation is sought and received as required.
There is a great example of this kind of difference in the Lord's prayer. Compare the following:
The JST changes the statement to passive voice whereas the KJV Bible and the Book of Mormon are in active voice. According to E. W. Bullinger, this particular scripture contains a Hebraism, namely, "active verbs were used by the Hebrews to express not the doing of the thing, but the permission of the thing which the agent is said do." Consequently, Bullinger interprets the passage this way: "Lead us not (i.e., suffer us not to be led) into temptation." [7]
Adam Clarke agrees with Bullinger. He wrote this scripture means "'Bring not in,' or 'lead us not into.' (This is a mere Hebraism. God is said to do a thing which He only permits or suffers to be done)." [8]
In Barnes' Notes on the New Testament we read the same interpretation. "This phrase then must be used in the sense of permitting. Do not suffer us or permit us, to be tempted to sin. In this it is implied that God 'has such control over us and the tempter, as to save us from it if we call on him." [9]
When properly considered, this passage is an example of where the JST reading and the KJV/Book of Mormon are both correct. The KJV and Book of Mormon are literal interpretations while the JST is an interpretive translation that is also correct.
The purposes of the Book of Mormon and JST translations were not identical. The LDS do not believe in one fixed, inviolate, "perfect" rendering of a scripture or doctrinal concept. The Book of Mormon likely reflects differences between the Nephite textual tradition and the commonly known Biblical manuscripts. The JST is a harmonization, expansion, commentary, and clarification of doctrinally important points. Neither is intended as "the final word" on a given concept or passage—continuing revelation, adapted to the circumstances in which members of the Church find themselves, precludes such an intent.
Critics impose their own inerrantist assumptions on LDS scriptures, but such assumptions simply do not apply to LDS doctrine or scripture.
JST wiki articles |
FAIR website on JST |
JST Off-site links |
JST Printed Works |
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