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Joseph Smith's First Vision: Difference between revisions
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|link=Primary sources/Joseph Smith, Jr./First Vision accounts/1832 | |link=Primary sources/Joseph Smith, Jr./First Vision accounts/1832 | ||
|subject=1832 account | |subject=1832 account | ||
|summary=This is the earliest known account of the First Vision written by Joseph Smith. Source: Joseph Smith Letterbook 1, pp. 1-6. Published in: Dean Jessee, Personal Writings of Joseph Smith. | |summary=This is the earliest known account of the First Vision written by Joseph Smith. Source: Joseph Smith Letterbook 1, pp. 1-6. Published in: Dean Jessee, ''Personal Writings of Joseph Smith''. | ||
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|link=Primary sources/Joseph Smith, Jr./First Vision accounts/1835 | |link=Primary sources/Joseph Smith, Jr./First Vision accounts/1835 | ||
|subject=1835 account | |subject=1835 account | ||
|summary=This account was written by Joseph Smith in his diary. Joseph described his vision to Robert Matthias, also known as "Joshua the Jewish minister. Joseph Smith Diary (1835–1836), original in Joseph Smith Collection, LDS Church Archives, Salt Lake City, Utah. Published in: Dean Jessee, ''Personal Writings of Joseph Smith''. | |summary=This account was written by Joseph Smith in his diary. Joseph described his vision to Robert Matthias, also known as "Joshua the Jewish minister". Joseph Smith Diary (1835–1836), original in Joseph Smith Collection, LDS Church Archives, Salt Lake City, Utah. Published in: Dean Jessee, ''Personal Writings of Joseph Smith''. | ||
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|link=Primary sources/Joseph Smith, Jr./First Vision accounts/1835 (Erastus Holmes account) | |link=Primary sources/Joseph Smith, Jr./First Vision accounts/1835 (Erastus Holmes account) | ||
|subject=1835 (Erastus Holmes account) | |subject=1835 (Erastus Holmes account) | ||
|summary=Erastus Holmes account Deseret News 2.15 (May 29, 1852); also in Millennial Star 15. 27 (July 2, 1853): 424; Jessee, The Papers of Joseph Smith, 2: 79-80; cf. Vogel | |summary=Erastus Holmes account ''Deseret News'' 2.15 (May 29, 1852); also in ''Millennial Star'' 15. 27 (July 2, 1853): 424; Jessee, ''The Papers of Joseph Smith'', 2: 79-80; cf. {{Book:Vogel:EMD|Short|vol=1|pages=207}}; DHC 2. 312. | ||
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|link=Primary sources/Joseph Smith, Jr./First Vision accounts/1842 (Joseph Smith History of the Church) | |link=Primary sources/Joseph Smith, Jr./First Vision accounts/1842 (Joseph Smith History of the Church) | ||
|subject=1842 (Joseph Smith History of the Church) | |subject=1842 (Joseph Smith History of the Church) | ||
|summary=Joseph Smith’s History of the Church Times and Seasons | |summary="Joseph Smith’s History of the Church," ''Times and Seasons'' 3. 10 (15 Mar. 1842): 726-28 | ||
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|link=Primary sources/Joseph Smith, Jr./First Vision accounts/1842 Wentworth Letter account) | |link=Primary sources/Joseph Smith, Jr./First Vision accounts/1842 Wentworth Letter account) | ||
|subject=1842 (Wentworth letter account) | |subject=1842 (Wentworth letter account) | ||
|summary=Wentworth letter. (Times and Seasons, 3.9 (1 Mar. 1842), p. 706-710 | |summary=Wentworth letter. (''Times and Seasons'', 3.9 (1 Mar. 1842), p. 706-710 | ||
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|link=Primary sources/Joseph Smith, Jr./First Vision accounts/1843 (The Pittsburgh Weekly Gazette account) | |link=Primary sources/Joseph Smith, Jr./First Vision accounts/1843 (The Pittsburgh Weekly Gazette account) | ||
|subject=1843 (The Pittsburgh Weekly Gazette) | |subject=1843 (''The Pittsburgh Weekly Gazette'') | ||
|summary=“The Prairies, Nauvoo, Joe Smith, the Temple, the Mormons, etc.,” editor, David Nye White, The Pittsburgh Weekly Gazette 58 (September 15, 1843): 3 | |summary=“The Prairies, Nauvoo, Joe Smith, the Temple, the Mormons, etc.,” editor, David Nye White, ''The Pittsburgh Weekly Gazette'' 58 (September 15, 1843): 3 | ||
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|link=Primary sources/Joseph Smith, Jr./First Vision accounts/1843 (Levi Richards account) | |link=Primary sources/Joseph Smith, Jr./First Vision accounts/1843 (Levi Richards account) | ||
|subject=1843 (Levi Richards account) | |subject=1843 (Levi Richards account) | ||
|summary=Levi Richards’s diary about Joseph Smith preaching in the summer of 1843 and repeating the Lord’s first message to him that no church was His (see | |summary=Levi Richards’s diary about Joseph Smith preaching in the summer of 1843 and repeating the Lord’s first message to him that no church was His (see {{Book:Ehat Cook:Words of Joseph Smith|pages=215}} | ||
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|link=Primary sources/Joseph Smith, Jr./First Vision accounts/1844 (Daniel Rupp account) | |link=Primary sources/Joseph Smith, Jr./First Vision accounts/1844 (Daniel Rupp account) | ||
|subject=1844 (Daniel Rupp account) | |subject=1844 (Daniel Rupp account) | ||
|summary=: “Latter Day Saints, by Joseph Smith, Nauvoo, Illinois,” in I. Daniel Rupp, HE PASA EKKLESIA: An Original History of the Religious Denominations at Present Existing in the United States (Philadelphia: J. Y. Humphreys, 1844), pp. 404; The account for Rupp was published in the original history of the Church published in “History of Joseph Smith,” Millennial Star 22. 7 (February 18, 1860): 102-3; also in Dean Jesse, Papers of Joseph Smith, 1:448. | |summary=: “Latter Day Saints, by Joseph Smith, Nauvoo, Illinois,” in I. Daniel Rupp, ''HE PASA EKKLESIA: An Original History of the Religious Denominations at Present Existing in the United States'' (Philadelphia: J. Y. Humphreys, 1844), pp. 404; The account for Rupp was published in the original history of the Church published in “History of Joseph Smith,” ''Millennial Star'' 22. 7 (February 18, 1860): 102-3; also in Dean Jesse, ''Papers of Joseph Smith'', 1:448. | ||
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Revision as of 18:07, 4 May 2012
Joseph Smith's First Vision
Summary
Church response
During a 10-year period (1832–42), Joseph Smith wrote or dictated at least four accounts of the First Vision. These accounts are similar in many ways, but they include some differences in emphasis and detail. These differences are complementary. Together, his accounts provide a more complete record of what occurred. The 1838 account found in the Pearl of Great Price is the primary source referred to in the Church.
—Accounts of the First Vision, Gospel Study, Study by Topic, located on lds.org. The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints.
Overview
Joseph Smith's claim that he saw the Father and the Son in 1820 has produced a wide variety of criticism. This set of articles addresses the various critical claims related to the First Vision. The linked articles below are designed to help readers to see some of the weaknesses that are found in arguments that are made against Joseph Smith's First Vision accounts. Some of these arguments are currently being advocated in anti-Mormon literature that is handed out near the Sacred Grove in Palmyra, New York.
Primary sources
Primary sources
Summary: Original text of Joseph's accounts of the First Vision- 1832 account—
Brief Summary: This is the earliest known account of the First Vision written by Joseph Smith. Source: Joseph Smith Letterbook 1, pp. 1-6. Published in: Dean Jessee, Personal Writings of Joseph Smith. (Click here for full article)∗ ∗ ∗ - 1835 account—
Brief Summary: This account was written by Joseph Smith in his diary. Joseph described his vision to Robert Matthias, also known as "Joshua the Jewish minister". Joseph Smith Diary (1835–1836), original in Joseph Smith Collection, LDS Church Archives, Salt Lake City, Utah. Published in: Dean Jessee, Personal Writings of Joseph Smith. (Click here for full article)∗ ∗ ∗ - 1835 (Erastus Holmes account)—
Brief Summary: Erastus Holmes account Deseret News 2.15 (May 29, 1852); also in Millennial Star 15. 27 (July 2, 1853): 424; Jessee, The Papers of Joseph Smith, 2: 79-80; cf. Dan Vogel (editor), Early Mormon Documents (Salt Lake City, Signature Books, 1996–2003), 5 vols, 1:207.; DHC 2. 312. (Click here for full article)∗ ∗ ∗ - 1840 (Orson Pratt account) (Click here for full article)
∗ ∗ ∗ - 1842 (Joseph Smith History of the Church)—
Brief Summary: "Joseph Smith’s History of the Church," Times and Seasons 3. 10 (15 Mar. 1842): 726-28 (Click here for full article)∗ ∗ ∗ - 1842 (Wentworth letter account)—
Brief Summary: Wentworth letter. (Times and Seasons, 3.9 (1 Mar. 1842), p. 706-710 (Click here for full article)∗ ∗ ∗ - 1842 (Orson Hyde account) (Click here for full article)
∗ ∗ ∗ - 1843 (The Pittsburgh Weekly Gazette)—
Brief Summary: “The Prairies, Nauvoo, Joe Smith, the Temple, the Mormons, etc.,” editor, David Nye White, The Pittsburgh Weekly Gazette 58 (September 15, 1843): 3 (Click here for full article)∗ ∗ ∗ - 1843 (Levi Richards account)—
Brief Summary: Levi Richards’s diary about Joseph Smith preaching in the summer of 1843 and repeating the Lord’s first message to him that no church was His (see Andrew F. Ehat and Lyndon W. Cook, The Words of Joseph Smith: The Contemporary Accounts of the Nauvoo Discourses of Joseph Smith, 2nd Edition, (Salt Lake City: Deseret Book, 1996), 215. (Click here for full article)∗ ∗ ∗ - 1844 (Daniel Rupp account)—
Brief Summary: : “Latter Day Saints, by Joseph Smith, Nauvoo, Illinois,” in I. Daniel Rupp, HE PASA EKKLESIA: An Original History of the Religious Denominations at Present Existing in the United States (Philadelphia: J. Y. Humphreys, 1844), pp. 404; The account for Rupp was published in the original history of the Church published in “History of Joseph Smith,” Millennial Star 22. 7 (February 18, 1860): 102-3; also in Dean Jesse, Papers of Joseph Smith, 1:448. (Click here for full article)∗ ∗ ∗ - 1844 (Alexander Neibaur account)—
Brief Summary: Alexander Neibaur Journal, 24 May 1844 (Click here for full article)∗ ∗ ∗
- 1832 account—
Wikipedia treatment of Joseph Smith's First Vision
A FAIR Analysis of Wikipedia article "First Vision"
Summary: FAIR analyzes the Wikipedia treatment of the First Vision.Did the Church hide accounts of the First Vision?
The claim is sometimes made by critics that the LDS Church hides the various accounts of Joseph Smith's First Vision that are not in its official canon. The following chronological database (compiled by FAIR volunteer Edward Jones) demonstrates conclusively that this is simply not the case. The various accounts of the First Vision have been widely acknowledged in LDS-authored sources throughout the twentieth and twenty-first centuries.
LDS-Authored Publications (1910-1968)
Summary: Mentions of the various accounts of the First Vision in LDS publications (1910-1968)LDS-Authored Publications (1969-1978)
Summary: Mentions of the various accounts of the First Vision in LDS publications (1969-1978)LDS-Authored Publications (1979-1983)
Summary: Mentions of the various accounts of the First Vision in LDS publications (1979-1983)LDS-Authored Publications (1984-1989)
Summary: Mentions of the various accounts of the First Vision in LDS publications (1984-1989)LDS-Authored Publications (1990-1997)
Summary: Mentions of the various accounts of the First Vision in LDS publications (1990-1997)LDS-Authored Publications (1998-2003)
Summary: Mentions of the various accounts of the First Vision in LDS publications (1998-2003)Events leading up to the First Vision
Early Smith family history
- No positive witnesses—
Brief Summary: Critics claim that there are "no contemporary pro-Mormon statements from reliable and informed sources who knew the Smith family and Joseph intimately." (Click here for full article)∗ ∗ ∗
- No positive witnesses—
Methodist camp meetings in the Palmyra area
Summary: Critics claim that any association Joseph had with Methodism did not occur until the 1824-25 revival in Palmyra, and that his claim that the "unusual excitement" started with the Methodists in 1820 is therefore incorrect.Joseph became "partial to the Methodist sect" in 1820
Summary: Critics claim that Joseph didn't become "partial to the Methodist sect" until at least 1823, after Alvin's death, or as late as 1838, rather than in 1820 as he claimed in his 1838 First Vision account.Were there revivals in 1820?
Summary: Critics claim that there were no religious revivals in the Palmyra, New York area in 1820, contrary to Joseph Smith's claims that during that year there was "an unusual excitement on the subject of religion...indeed, the whole district of country seemed affected by it"- Gordon B. Hinckley cited false information?—
Brief Summary: Critics claim that there were no religious revivals in the Palmyra, New York area in 1820, and that Gordon B. Hinckley cited false information in a book called Truth Restored. (Click here for full article)∗ ∗ ∗
- Gordon B. Hinckley cited false information?—
Smith family place of residence in 1820
Summary: Critics claim that there are discrepancies in Joseph's account of his family's early history, which make his 1820 and subsequent revelations impossible, and that there is no evidence that the Smith family was in the Palmyra area in 1820 for the religious excitement and First Vision which Joseph reported.The Vision
Joseph's accounts of the First Vision
Summary: Joseph Smith gave several accounts of the First Vision. Critics charge that differences in the accounts show that he changed and embellished his story over time, and that he therefore had no such vision.Discrepancies in Paul's account of his vision
Summary: Paul the apostle gave more than one account of his vision of the resurrected Lord while on the road to Damascus. Like Joseph Smith's account of the First Vision, Paul's accounts differ in some details but agree in the overall message.Do Greek scholars solve the discrepancies in Paul's vision accounts?
Summary: The Church's sectarian critics accept Paul's account as true despite the Bible containing apparently frank contradictions in its accounts, while refusing to give Joseph Smith the same latitude. Members of the Church have long pointed out that this is a clear double standard, designed to bias the audience against Joseph from the beginning. Perhaps because of the force of this argument, some critics have begun to argue that no contradiction exists between the versions of Paul's vision.D&C:84 says God cannot be seen without priesthood
Summary: Critics argue that Joseph Smith claimed that he saw God in 1820 and also claimed that he received the priesthood in 1829. But in a text which he produced in 1832 (DC 84꞉21-22) it is said that a person cannot see God without holding the priesthood. Therefore, critics claim that Joseph Smith contradicted himself and this counts as evidence against his calling as an authentic prophet of God.Was Joseph Smith told that "all the churches of the day were an abomination?"
Summary: Some critics claim that Joseph Smith stated that during the First Vision that he was told that "all the churches of the day were an abomination."Events occurring after the First Vision
Joseph Smith's early conception of God
Summary: Some critics claim that Joseph began his prophetic career with a "trinitarian" idea of God, and only later developed his theology of the Godhead. What do we know about Joseph and the early Saints' views on God?No reference to First Vision in 1830s publications
Summary: Critics claim that there is no reference to the 1838 canonical First Vision story in any published material from the 1830s, and that nothing published in this period mentions that Joseph saw the Father and Son. They also assume that it would have been mentioned in the local newspapers at the time.Seldom mentioned in LDS publications before 1877 (short version)
Summary: Critics charge, “Before the death of Brigham Young in 1877 the first vision was seldom mentioned in Mormon publications.” This evidence implies that the general membership of the LDS Church was not familiar with the First Vision story until late in the nineteenth century.No mention in non-LDS literature before 1843?
Summary: There is no mention of the First Vision in non-Mormon literature before 1843. If the First Vision story had been known by the public before 1840 (when Orson Pratt published his pamphlet) the anti-Mormons “surely” would have seized upon it as an evidence of Joseph Smith’s imposture.Missionaries 1830 statement about Joseph seeing "God"
Summary: Critics have claimed that just because LDS missionaries were teaching around 1 November 1830 that Joseph Smith had previously seen “God” personally it cannot be assumed that this was a reference to God the Father since the Book of Mormon (completed ca. 11 June 1829) refers to Jesus Christ as “the eternal God” (title page; 2 Nephi 26:12). The argument is made that since this evidence indicates that Joseph Smith understood Jesus Christ to be “God” the statement by the missionaries may have simply meant that Joseph Smith had seen the Savior; not necessarily the Father.No published reference to Father and Son vision until 1838?
Summary: Critics claim that there is no mention of Joseph Smith seeing the Father and Son in any “contemporary” newspaper, diary, LDS publication, or writing of any kind until the year 1838.Joseph Smith did not know if God existed in 1823?
Summary: Critics claim that according to a historical document published in Kirtland, Ohio in 1835 the Prophet Joseph Smith did not know if God existed in the year 1823. This text, therefore, provides evidence that Joseph Smith simply made up the story about the First Vision happening in the year 1820.Lucy Mack Smith and the Presbyterians
Summary: Critics claim that since there was a religious revival in Palmyra, New York in 1824-25 which appears to match details of Joseph Smith's official Church history, he must have mistakenly mixed this event in with his narrative about what happened in 1820, and that the Prophet's mother joined the Presbyterian church after Alvin Smith died in late 1823. This contradicts Joseph's statement that she joined in 1820, thereby dating Joseph's First Vision to no earlier than 1823.Did Joseph join other churches contrary to commandment in vision?
Summary: Critics charge that Joseph Smith joined the Methodist, Presbyterian, and Baptist churches between 1820 and 1830—despite the claim made in his 1838 history that he was forbidden by Deity (during the 1820 First Vision experience) from joining any denomination.Contradiction about knowing all churches were wrong
Summary: In his 1832 account of the First Vision, Joseph Smith said, “I found [by searching the scriptures] that mankind did not come unto the Lord but that they had apostatized from the true and living faith and there was no society or denomination that built upon the gospel of Jesus Christ as recorded in the New Testament.” But in the 1835 account he said, “I knew not who [of the denominations] was right or who was wrong.” Critics claim that thus counts as evidence that the First Vision story evolved over time.First Vision fabricated to give "Godly authority?"
Summary: Critics claim that Joseph Smith decided after he released the Book of Mormon to the public that he needed 'authority from God' to justify his claims as a religious minister. Therefore, it is claimed that he fabricated the First Vision story in order to provide himself with a more prestigious line of authority than that of the "angel" who revealed the golden plates.First Vision story became more detailed and colorful after 1832?
Summary: Some claim that Joseph Smith’s account of the First Vision grew more detailed and more colorful after he first recorded it in 1832.1838 account modified to offset leadership crisis?
Summary: Critics claim that in 1838 Joseph Smith revised his personal history to say that his original call came from God the Father and Jesus Christ rather than an angel. His motive for doing this was to give himself a stronger leadership role because an authority crisis had recently taken place and large-scale apostasy was the result.Additional First Vision issues
D&C 121:28 contradicts vision?
Summary: In 1839 Joseph Smith received a revelation from God in which it was stated that the time would come "in the which nothing shall be withheld, whether there be one God or many gods they shall be manifest" (D&C 121:28). This was an "unnecessary revelation," since according to the official LDS Church First Vision account Joseph Smith supposedly knew that there was more than one God since 1820. This information counts as evidence that the Prophet's story was fraudulent.Father: Spirit vs. Embodied
Summary: When the first edition of the Doctrine and Covenants was published in 1835 it portrayed God the Father as a personage of spirit whereas Jesus Christ was portrayed as a personage of tabernacle, or one having a physical body. Yet the official LDS First Vision story portrays the Father as a physical Being.Personages seen by Joseph
Summary: A list of known personages who appeared to the Prophet Joseph Smith or who were seen by him in vision.Brigham Young and the First Vision
Summary: Critics claim either that Brigham never taught about the First Vision, or that he taught that the Lord did not appear to Joseph. Both claims are false.== Notes ==