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Logical fallacies/Page 1: Difference between revisions
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== Perfect solution fallacy == | == Perfect solution fallacy == | ||
== Poisoning the well == | == Poisoning the well == | ||
''[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poisoning_the_well Wikipedia definition] | |||
This fallacy attempts to discredit a person before their arguments are even heard. | |||
*'''Argument''': Nothing that anyone who publishes with FAIR or FARMS can be believed, because they are "apologists," and so inherently untrustworthy. | |||
*'''Rebuttal''': An "apologist" may have a very good argument or a very bad one. One is only intellectually honest if he/she is willing to consider the argument ''on its own merits'' regardless of who raised it. This tactic is used to avoid confronting arguments with which the critic does not wish to deal. All authors have biases; "apologists" are at least up front about theirs, while critics try to play the role of disinterested 'seekers of truth,' though they are as much "apologists" for their own position. | |||
== Proof by verbosity == | == Proof by verbosity == | ||
== Questionable cause (also called ''non causa pro causa'') == | == Questionable cause (also called ''non causa pro causa'') == | ||
Revision as of 04:49, 20 September 2005
This article is a draft. FairMormon editors are currently editing it. We welcome your suggestions on improving the content.
Ad hominem (also called argumentum ad hominem or personal attack)
Including:
ad hominem abusive (also called argumentum ad personam)
ad hominem circumstantial (also called ad hominem circumstantiae)
ad hominem tu quoque (also called you too argument)
Amphibology (also called amphiboly)
Appeal to authority (also called argumentum ad verecundiam or argument by authority)
Appeal to belief
Appeal to consequences (also called argumentum ad consequentiam)
Appeal to emotion
including:
Appeal to fear (also called argumentum ad metum or argumentum in terrorem)
Appeal to flattery
Appeal to the majority (also called argumentum ad populum)
Appeal to pity (also called argumentum ad misericordiam)
Appeal to ridicule
Appeal to spite (also called argumentum ad odium)
Two wrongs make a right
Wishful thinking
Appeal to motive
Appeal to novelty (also called argumentum ad novitatem)
Appeal to probability
Appeal to tradition (also called argumentum ad antiquitatem or appeal to common practice)
Argument from fallacy (also called argumentum ad logicam)
Argument from ignorance (also called argumentum ad ignorantiam or argument by lack of imagination)
Argument from silence (also called argumentum ex silentio)
Argumentum ad baculum (also called appeal to force)
Argumentum ad crumenam (also called appeal to wealth)
Argumentum ad lazarum (also called appeal to poverty)
Argumentum ad nauseam (also called argument from repetition)
Argumentum ad numerum
Base rate fallacy
Bandwagon fallacy (also called appeal to popularity, appeal to the people, or argumentum ad populum)
Begging the question (also called petitio principii, circular argument or circular reasoning)
Cartesian fallacy
Conjunction fallacy
Correlative based fallacies
including:
Fallacy of many questions (also called complex question, fallacy of presupposition, loaded question or plurium interrogationum)
False dilemma (also called false dichotomy or bifurcation)
Denying the correlative
Suppressed correlative
Dicto simpliciter
including:
Accident (also called a dicto simpliciter ad dictum secundum quid)
Converse accident (also called a dicto secundum quid ad dictum simpliciter)
Equivocation
False analogy
False premise
False compromise
Fallacies of distribution:
Composition
Statistical special pleading
Gambler's fallacy/Inverse gambler's fallacy
Genetic fallacy
Guilt by association
Historian's fallacy
Homunculus fallacy
Ideology over reality
If-by-whiskey (argues both sides)
Judgemental language
Ignoratio elenchi (also called irrelevant conclusion)
Inappropriate interpretations or applications of statistics
including:
Biased sample
Correlation implies causation
Gambler's fallacy
Prosecutor's fallacy
Screening test fallacy
Intentional fallacy
Invalid proof
Lump of labour fallacy (also called the fallacy of labour scarcity)
Meaningless statement
Middle ground (also called argumentum ad temperantiam)
Misleading vividness
Naturalistic fallacy
Negative proof
Non sequitur
including:
Affirming the consequent
Denying the antecedent
No true Scotsman
Some enemies of the Church define 'Christian' in such a way as to exclude the LDS.
- Argument: Latter-day Saints are not Christian because they do not believe in the Trinity.
- Rebuttal: "Christians" are not defined as those who accept the Trinity, but rather as those who accept Jesus as Son of God and Savior. Since LDS do accept this, they are "Christians," just not "Trinitarian Christians." In other words, "Trinitarian" does not equal "Christian."
Package deal fallacy
Pathetic fallacy
Perfect solution fallacy
Poisoning the well
This fallacy attempts to discredit a person before their arguments are even heard.
- Argument: Nothing that anyone who publishes with FAIR or FARMS can be believed, because they are "apologists," and so inherently untrustworthy.
- Rebuttal: An "apologist" may have a very good argument or a very bad one. One is only intellectually honest if he/she is willing to consider the argument on its own merits regardless of who raised it. This tactic is used to avoid confronting arguments with which the critic does not wish to deal. All authors have biases; "apologists" are at least up front about theirs, while critics try to play the role of disinterested 'seekers of truth,' though they are as much "apologists" for their own position.
Proof by verbosity
Questionable cause (also called non causa pro causa)
including:
Correlation implies causation (also called cum hoc ergo propter hoc)
Fallacy of the single cause
Joint effect
Post hoc (also called post hoc ergo propter hoc)
Regression fallacy
Texas sharpshooter fallacy
Wrong direction
Red herring (also called irrelevant conclusion)
Reification (also called hypostatization)
Relativist fallacy (also called subjectivist fallacy)
Retrospective determinism (it happened so it was bound to)
Shifting the Burden of proof
Slippery slope
Special pleading
Straw man
Style over substance fallacy
Syllogistic fallacies,
including: