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Logical fallacies/Page 1: Difference between revisions
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== Ad hominem (also called ''argumentum ad hominem'' or ''personal attack'') == | |||
Including: | |||
=== ''ad hominem abusive'' (also called ''argumentum ad personam'') === | |||
=== ''ad hominem circumstantial'' (also called ''ad hominem circumstantiae'') === | |||
=== ''ad hominem tu quoque'' (also called ''you too argument'') === | |||
== Amphibology (also called ''amphiboly'') == | |||
== Appeal to authority (also called ''argumentum ad verecundiam'' or ''argument by authority'') == | |||
== Appeal to belief == | |||
== Appeal to consequences (also called ''argumentum ad consequentiam'')== | |||
== Appeal to emotion == | |||
including: | |||
=== Appeal to fear (also called ''argumentum ad metum'' or ''argumentum in terrorem'')=== | |||
=== Appeal to flattery === | |||
=== Appeal to the majority (also called ''argumentum ad populum'') === | |||
=== Appeal to pity (also called ''argumentum ad misericordiam'') === | |||
=== Appeal to ridicule === | |||
=== Appeal to spite (also called ''argumentum ad odium'') === | |||
=== Two wrongs make a right=== | |||
=== Wishful thinking === | |||
== Appeal to motive == | |||
== Appeal to novelty (also called ''argumentum ad novitatem'') == | |||
== Appeal to probability == | |||
== Appeal to tradition (also called ''argumentum ad antiquitatem'' or ''appeal to common practice'') == | |||
== Argument from fallacy (also called ''argumentum ad logicam'') == | |||
== Argument from ignorance (also called ''argumentum ad ignorantiam'' or ''argument by lack of imagination'') == | |||
== Argument from silence (also called ''argumentum ex silentio'') == | |||
== Argumentum ad baculum (also called ''appeal to force'') == | |||
== Argumentum ad crumenam (also called ''appeal to wealth'') == | |||
== Argumentum ad lazarum (also called ''appeal to poverty'') == | |||
== Argumentum ad nauseam (also called ''argument from repetition'') == | |||
== Argumentum ad numerum == | |||
== Base rate fallacy == | |||
== Bandwagon fallacy (also called ''appeal to popularity'', ''appeal to the people'', or ''argumentum ad populum'') == | |||
== Begging the question (also called ''petitio principii'', ''circular argument'' or ''circular reasoning'') == | |||
== Cartesian fallacy == | |||
== Conjunction fallacy == | |||
== Correlative based fallacies == | |||
including: | |||
=== Fallacy of many questions (also called ''complex question'', ''fallacy of presupposition'', ''loaded question'' or ''plurium interrogationum'') === | |||
=== False dilemma (also called ''false dichotomy'' or ''bifurcation'') === | |||
=== Denying the correlative === | |||
=== Suppressed correlative === | |||
== Dicto simpliciter == | |||
including: | |||
=== Accident (also called ''a dicto simpliciter ad dictum secundum quid'') === | |||
=== Converse accident (also called ''a dicto secundum quid ad dictum simpliciter'') === | |||
== Equivocation == | |||
== False analogy == | |||
== False premise == | |||
== False compromise == | |||
== Fallacies of distribution: == | |||
=== Composition === | |||
=== Statistical special pleading === | |||
== Gambler's fallacy/Inverse gambler's fallacy == | |||
== Genetic fallacy == | |||
== Guilt by association == | |||
== Historian's fallacy == | |||
== Homunculus fallacy == | |||
== Ideology over reality == | |||
== If-by-whiskey (argues both sides) == | |||
== Judgemental language == | |||
== Ignoratio elenchi (also called ''irrelevant conclusion'') == | |||
== Inappropriate interpretations or applications of statistics== | |||
including: | |||
=== Biased sample === | |||
=== Correlation implies causation === | |||
=== Gambler's fallacy === | |||
=== Prosecutor's fallacy === | |||
=== Screening test fallacy === | |||
== Intentional fallacy == | |||
== Invalid proof == | |||
== Lump of labour fallacy (also called ''the fallacy of labour scarcity'') == | |||
== Meaningless statement == | |||
== Middle ground (also called ''argumentum ad temperantiam'') == | |||
== Misleading vividness == | |||
== Naturalistic fallacy == | |||
== Negative proof == | |||
== Non sequitur == | |||
including: | |||
=== Affirming the consequent === | |||
=== Denying the antecedent === | |||
==No true Scotsman== | ==No true Scotsman== | ||
''[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/No_true_Scotsman Wikipedia definition] | ''[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/No_true_Scotsman Wikipedia definition] | ||
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*'''Argument''': Latter-day Saints are not Christian because they do not believe in the Trinity. | *'''Argument''': Latter-day Saints are not Christian because they do not believe in the Trinity. | ||
*'''Rebuttal''': "Christians" are not defined as those who accept the Trinity, but rather as those who accept Jesus as Son of God and Savior. Since LDS do accept this, they are "Christians," just not "Trinitarian Christians." In other words, "Trinitarian" does not equal "Christian." | *'''Rebuttal''': "Christians" are not defined as those who accept the Trinity, but rather as those who accept Jesus as Son of God and Savior. Since LDS do accept this, they are "Christians," just not "Trinitarian Christians." In other words, "Trinitarian" does not equal "Christian." | ||
== Package deal fallacy == | |||
== Pathetic fallacy == | |||
== Perfect solution fallacy == | |||
== Poisoning the well == | |||
== Proof by verbosity == | |||
== Questionable cause (also called ''non causa pro causa'') == | |||
including: | |||
=== Correlation implies causation (also called ''cum hoc ergo propter hoc'') === | |||
=== Fallacy of the single cause === | |||
=== Joint effect === | |||
=== Post hoc (also called ''post hoc ergo propter hoc'') === | |||
=== Regression fallacy === | |||
=== Texas sharpshooter fallacy === | |||
=== Wrong direction === | |||
== Red herring (also called ''irrelevant conclusion'') == | |||
== Reification (also called ''hypostatization'') == | |||
== Relativist fallacy (also called ''subjectivist fallacy'') == | |||
== Retrospective determinism (it happened so it was bound to) == | |||
== Shifting the Burden of proof == | |||
== Slippery slope == | |||
== Special pleading == | |||
== Straw man == | |||
== Style over substance fallacy == | |||
== Syllogistic fallacies, == | |||
including: | |||
=== Affirming a disjunct === | |||
=== Affirmative conclusion from a negative premise === | |||
=== Existential fallacy === | |||
=== Fallacy of exclusive premises === | |||
=== Fallacy of four terms (also called ''quaternio terminorum'') === | |||
=== Fallacy of the undistributed middle === | |||
=== Illicit major === | |||
=== Illicit minor === | |||
==Further reading== | ==Further reading== | ||
Revision as of 04:42, 20 September 2005
This article is a draft. FairMormon editors are currently editing it. We welcome your suggestions on improving the content.
Ad hominem (also called argumentum ad hominem or personal attack)
Including:
ad hominem abusive (also called argumentum ad personam)
ad hominem circumstantial (also called ad hominem circumstantiae)
ad hominem tu quoque (also called you too argument)
Amphibology (also called amphiboly)
Appeal to authority (also called argumentum ad verecundiam or argument by authority)
Appeal to belief
Appeal to consequences (also called argumentum ad consequentiam)
Appeal to emotion
including:
Appeal to fear (also called argumentum ad metum or argumentum in terrorem)
Appeal to flattery
Appeal to the majority (also called argumentum ad populum)
Appeal to pity (also called argumentum ad misericordiam)
Appeal to ridicule
Appeal to spite (also called argumentum ad odium)
Two wrongs make a right
Wishful thinking
Appeal to motive
Appeal to novelty (also called argumentum ad novitatem)
Appeal to probability
Appeal to tradition (also called argumentum ad antiquitatem or appeal to common practice)
Argument from fallacy (also called argumentum ad logicam)
Argument from ignorance (also called argumentum ad ignorantiam or argument by lack of imagination)
Argument from silence (also called argumentum ex silentio)
Argumentum ad baculum (also called appeal to force)
Argumentum ad crumenam (also called appeal to wealth)
Argumentum ad lazarum (also called appeal to poverty)
Argumentum ad nauseam (also called argument from repetition)
Argumentum ad numerum
Base rate fallacy
Bandwagon fallacy (also called appeal to popularity, appeal to the people, or argumentum ad populum)
Begging the question (also called petitio principii, circular argument or circular reasoning)
Cartesian fallacy
Conjunction fallacy
Correlative based fallacies
including:
Fallacy of many questions (also called complex question, fallacy of presupposition, loaded question or plurium interrogationum)
False dilemma (also called false dichotomy or bifurcation)
Denying the correlative
Suppressed correlative
Dicto simpliciter
including:
Accident (also called a dicto simpliciter ad dictum secundum quid)
Converse accident (also called a dicto secundum quid ad dictum simpliciter)
Equivocation
False analogy
False premise
False compromise
Fallacies of distribution:
Composition
Statistical special pleading
Gambler's fallacy/Inverse gambler's fallacy
Genetic fallacy
Guilt by association
Historian's fallacy
Homunculus fallacy
Ideology over reality
If-by-whiskey (argues both sides)
Judgemental language
Ignoratio elenchi (also called irrelevant conclusion)
Inappropriate interpretations or applications of statistics
including:
Biased sample
Correlation implies causation
Gambler's fallacy
Prosecutor's fallacy
Screening test fallacy
Intentional fallacy
Invalid proof
Lump of labour fallacy (also called the fallacy of labour scarcity)
Meaningless statement
Middle ground (also called argumentum ad temperantiam)
Misleading vividness
Naturalistic fallacy
Negative proof
Non sequitur
including:
Affirming the consequent
Denying the antecedent
No true Scotsman
Some enemies of the Church define 'Christian' in such a way as to exclude the LDS.
- Argument: Latter-day Saints are not Christian because they do not believe in the Trinity.
- Rebuttal: "Christians" are not defined as those who accept the Trinity, but rather as those who accept Jesus as Son of God and Savior. Since LDS do accept this, they are "Christians," just not "Trinitarian Christians." In other words, "Trinitarian" does not equal "Christian."
Package deal fallacy
Pathetic fallacy
Perfect solution fallacy
Poisoning the well
Proof by verbosity
Questionable cause (also called non causa pro causa)
including:
Correlation implies causation (also called cum hoc ergo propter hoc)
Fallacy of the single cause
Joint effect
Post hoc (also called post hoc ergo propter hoc)
Regression fallacy
Texas sharpshooter fallacy
Wrong direction
Red herring (also called irrelevant conclusion)
Reification (also called hypostatization)
Relativist fallacy (also called subjectivist fallacy)
Retrospective determinism (it happened so it was bound to)
Shifting the Burden of proof
Slippery slope
Special pleading
Straw man
Style over substance fallacy
Syllogistic fallacies,
including: